Plants have been used for their aromatic properties for centuries. The volatile compounds present in various plant parts, such as leaves, flowers, stems, and roots, contribute to their characteristic scents and flavors. This study material aims to provide an overview of the fascinating world of plants as aromatic materials. It covers the chemistry of aromatic compounds, extraction methods, and the diverse applications of plant aromatics in industries such as perfumery, flavoring, and therapeutic uses.
- Major Plant Aromatic Families & part of plants:
- Floral aromatics: rose, jasmine, lavender, ylang-ylang, etc.
- Citrus aromatics: orange, lemon, bergamot, grapefruit, etc.
- Herbal aromatics: peppermint, thyme, basil, sage, etc.
- Woody aromatics: sandalwood, cedarwood, vetiver, etc.
- Spice aromatics: cinnamon, clove, cardamom, ginger, etc.
- Science of Aromatic Compounds:
- Definition and classification of aromatic compounds
- Common classes of aromatic compounds: terpenes, phenols, esters, etc.
- Biosynthesis of aromatic compounds in plants
- Factors influencing the production of aromatic compounds in plants
- Extraction Methods:
- Steam distillation: principles and process
- Solvent extraction: techniques and considerations
- Expression, enfleurage, and maceration methods
- Emerging extraction techniques: supercritical fluid extraction, CO2 extraction, etc.
- Applications of Plant Aromatics:
- Perfumery: fragrance creation, perfume formulation techniques
- Flavoring: natural flavor compounds and their culinary applications
- Aromatherapy: essential oils for relaxation, mood enhancement, and wellness
- Herbal medicine: medicinal uses of plant aromatics, herbal preparations
- Cosmetics and personal care: incorporation of plant aromatics in skincare products
- Sustainable farming of aromatic plants:
- Conservation and sustainable practices in the aromatic plant industry
- Fair trade and ethical sourcing of plant aromatics
- Certification programs and initiatives promoting sustainable sourcing
Medicinal and aromatic plants as botanical raw materials
Genetic Engineering in Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
Market share of various countries on production
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List of aromatic plants - Common, rare and exotic
1- 14: Major trading plants that were brought in by Sir Raffles: – Thai basil, Curry, cinnamon
1 - Thai Basil
2- Curry
3- Cinnamon
4- Nutmeg
5- Black Pepper
6- Allspice
7- Mint
8- Clove
9- Cardamom
10- Turmeric
11- Coriander
12- Ginger
13- Kafir Lime
14- Vanilla
15-22: Fruits of Singapore 15 - Pineapple
16- Apple
17- Cherry
18- Lemon
19- Citronella
20- Coconut
21- Pear
22- Orange
23-25: Opium trade
23 - Opium
24- Bamboo
25- Singapore Stone
26-33: Flowers that make us happy
26 - Rose
27- Jasmin
28- Tuberose
29- Sunflower
30- Magnolia
31- Freesia
32- Violet
33- Gardenia
34-45: Sentosa's fragrant plants
34 - Angsana
35- Frangipani
36- Leban
37- Tanjong Tree
38- Fiddle Wood
39- White Champaca
40- River Peppermint
41- Kenanya Ylang Ylang
42- Tembusu
43- Butter fruit
44- Coffee
45- Betel Vine
46-175– Important Asian Ingredients
46 - Agarwood
47-Agave
48-Alder
49-Almond
50-Aloe Vera
51-Amber
52-Ambergris
53-Angel's Trumpet
54-Angelica
55-Anise
56-Apricot
57-Arum Lily
58-Bark
59-Basil
60-Bay Leaf
61-Begonia
62-Bellflower
63-Benzoin
64-Bergamot
65-Birch
66-Bitter Orange
67-Black Currant
68-Blackberry
69-Blue Lilies
70-Blue Poppy
71-Blueberry
72-Cade oil
73-Carnation
74-Cedar
75-Celery
76-Chamomile
77-Chrysanthemum
78-Clary Sage
79-Clementine
80-Clover
81-Cranberry
82-Crinum lily
83-Cucumber
84-Cumin
85-Cypress
86-Dahlia
87-Daisy
88-Dewberry
89-Dill
90-Edelweiss
91-Eucalyptus
92-Fennel
93-Fern
94-Fig
95-Fir
96-Fire Lily
97-Forget me not
98- Galbanum
99-Geranium
100-Gerbera
101-Ginseng
102-Grape leaves
103-Grape Seed
104-grapeflower
105-Grapefruit
106-Grapes
107-Grass
108-Green Pepper
109-Guava
110-Gurjun balsam
111-Hay
112-Hibiscus
113-Honeydew
114-Yuzu
115-Iris
116-Kiwi
117-Labdanum
118-Lavender
119-Lemongrass
120-Lilac
121-Lily
122-Lily-of-the-Valley
123-Lime
124-Litchi
125-Lotus
126-Mango
127-Marigold
128-Melon
129-Moon Flower
130-Mulberry
131-Musk
132-Neroli
133-Oak
134-Oakmoss
135-Olive
136-Orchid
137-Oregano
138-Osmanthus
139-Pansy
140-Papaya
141-Parsley
142-Passion Flower
143-Passionfruit
144-Patchouli
145-Peach
146-Peony
147-Pepper
148- Petitgrain
149-Pine Tree
150-Plum
151-Plumeria
152-Pomegranate
153-Pomelo
154-Poppy
155-Primrose
156-Raspberry
157-Rose Hip
158-Rose Leaf
159-Rosemary
160-Sage
161-Sandalwood
162-Strawberry
163-Tangelo
164-Tarragon
165-Tea
166-Tea Tree Oil
167-Thyme
168-Tobacco
169-Tulip
170-Vetiver
171-Water Hyacinth
172-Water Lily
173-Watermelon
174-Wisteria